Why Sleep Is Important For Memory - 1403 Words

Why Sleep is Important for Memory Sleep is a natural state of unconsciousness and is one of the most important human needs. Sleep is also an active process which affects all parts of the body and cannot be replaced by anything else. There are some conditions which have to be fulfilled to differentiate sleep from unconsciousness – for example sleep occurs periodically and can be interrupted at any time. People also sleep one third of their lives and we can be awakened up by stimulation from sleep by stimulation. Similar to animals, the human body, is not capable of 24 hours of continuous activity. Sleep has also many functions. During sleep, the brain recovers its functions. It is essential for anabolic and somatic reparation processes and immune system repair as well as the proper functioning of memory (during the REM phase). During sleep, our body temperature decreases, our breathing slows down, muscles repair and blood pressure declines. If we don’t have enough sleep we can have physical and psych ological problems. Sleep affects how we feel, look and how we performer on a daily basis. Usually a regular person should sleep seven to eight hours per night, but some people need to sleep more, others less. It depends on the person’s age, gender and individual needs. When people need to stay awake, for example, students have to study until late at night, people who have to work the overnight shift or work long hours, tend to drink coffee or a cup of tea or soda. CaffeineShow MoreRelatedSleep Is An Important Part Of Everyday Life Of A Human Being1704 Words   |  7 PagesSleep is an important part of the everyday life of a human being. There are multiple sleep cycles but in the process one of the most important stages is known as REM Sleep. REM also known as rapid eye movement is the very unique phase of sleep where the eyes begin to randomly move, and the extremities of the body become paralyzed while vivid dreaming begins to occur. This stage is the the most important for the consolidation of different memories and also in facial recognition and other mental p rocessesRead MoreDreams and Memory Consolidation Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep is an extremely interesting phenomenon in which the mind almost completely departs from the usual realm of consciousness. It is distinguished from quiet wakefulness and a decreased ability to react to stimuli where we become less aware of our surroundings. However, it is more easily reversed than being in hibernation or a coma. It is a function that has been extensively researched by many. After all, we would not have evolved a mechanism that forces us to spend one-third of our lives sleepingRead MoreHow Does Memory Work Before Talking About What Goes Wrong?1273 Words   |  6 Pagessimplest things that it does is memory. To stop and think about what is memory and how does it work? What happens when something goes wrong and the brain cannot remember? How does a person live day to day without a memory? How does memory work before talking about what goes wrong? To begin with memory like everything else in the body there is a process that occurs; first it goes through encoding, storage, and retrieval.(This is the process of memory, each are very important and it is amazing how theRead MoreHow Can Help Improve Grades For College Students Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessor, finding a tutor, but the one that is often overlooked is getting more sleep. Sleep is often the last thing on a college student’s mind and in most instances will be sacrificed first. Students who sleep less, have more irregular sleep, and report the latest bedtimes typically have lower grade point average (Onyper 319). For this reason, sleep should be looked at closely when trying to improve grades. The sleep needs required for the age group of 18-23 is 8 hours to perform at optimal levelsRead MoreThe Importance of Sleep Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesSleep is an extremely interesting phenomenon in which the mind almost completely departs from the usual real m of consciousness. It is distinguished from quiet wakefulness and a decreased ability to react to stimuli where we become less aware of our surroundings. However, it is more easily reversed than being in hibernation or a coma. It is a function that has been extensively researched by many. After all, we would not have evolved a mechanism that forces us to spend one-third of our lives sleepingRead MoreSleep Can Improve Learning And Memory Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Sleep can improve learning and memory. However whether the length and type of sleep whether this correlates to academic performance is unclear. Therefore the aim of the proposed experiment is to research whether length and type of sleep experienced correlates with academic performance It is hypothesised that longer sleep with more Non-REM sleep will correlate with higher academic performance. Participants will be randomly selected 1st year psychology students taking a mandatory 100 levelRead MoreEssay On Sleep Deprivation801 Words   |  4 PagesAround the world sleep deprivation could be detrimental to people lives and health. Without sleep Im a angry person I get real snappy and grumpy. I would like to know more about the effects of the lack of sleep that effects people’s lives. I know that without sleep you can’t function properly. Why do people choose to push themselves to the limit when they are tired? Who do sleep issues mainly effect? These are some of the questions that I have pertaining to sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation isRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep On Our Bodies904 Words   |  4 Pagesafter a good night of sleep we feel recharged and happier, and if having gone without sleep for a while we may end up cranky and most likely cannot function correctly. But why do we feel better after waking up from a deep slumber and feel worse without sleep? Why do our bodies need to shut down for such a long period of time? Unfortunately scientists are still trying to find this answer themselves. Although through a sufficient amount of research, scientists have found out how sleep greatly impacts ourRead MoreThe Health Benefits Of Getting More Sleep857 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we sleep 24 years in a lifetime? Well let me tell you that there is a lot of people that sleep less than 24 years. Today I will present to you some of the surprising health benefits of getting more sleep And how with more sleep you can succeed in business and life On the contrary I will also tell you why you shouldn’t get to much sleep. Then I will have some time for questions is you have any Then I will finally conclude my presentation So let’s get started. To begin with sleep gives usRead MoreSleep Is A Periods Of Reduced Activity948 Words   |  4 Pageswhat is sleep? Sleep is a period of reduced activity. During sleep the body changes internally and externally. It rejuvenates and restores the body, and it follows a predictable pattern consisting of infiltrating Non-REM and REM sleep. Review of Research: Sleep is usually a time where the body is at a lying down position with the eyes shut. The outcome of sleeping is when the body’s receptivity to external stimuli is diminished (The Characteristics of Sleep, n.d.). Generally people define sleep as an

Aging And The Life Course - 1528 Words

Aging in the Movies: Best Exotic Marigold Hotel Ninety six percent of people sixty-five and older are nonmovers (Quadagno, 2014, p.203) yet the film The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2011) follows seven individuals who are seeking a place that can accommodate their elderly needs. Despite this being a fictional film, the text Aging and the Life Course: An Introduction to Social Gerontology (Quadagno, 201) can support the ways in which the film accurately depicts various obstacles associated with aging. Each of the characters in The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel overcome ageist social constructions present within western culture but represent that there can still be hope in old age. Of all the characters in the film Muriel Donnelly started out as the most helpless. She was the only character to physically represent the frail elderly and the type of the treatment they receive. When Muriel is seeking medical attention she is place in the hallway of an overpopulated hospital. Besides her racial attitude, she still does receive very watchful attention. This represents how little value our healthcare puts into the elderly patients and with the majority of our population becoming elderly overpopulated healthcare settings are an inevitable part of our future. I know the healthcare system in Britain is different than ours, but a two-year wait to treat a debilitating ailment is what we are headed to, there are waitlist similar to this just to receive physical or occupational therapy. NotShow MoreRelatedIdentity And Self Concept Is Dependent Upon Social Interactions And Experiences Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagessociety’s shared commonality of the aging process, e ach maturing experience and progression of identity is individualized. Therefore, this ideology can be explained by the concept of life course. Aging is a reality many people dislike to face. The notion of becoming older frightens many; nevertheless it is inevitable biological existence. While the aging process is physical force incapable of being prevented, aging is a social construction. Due to an individual’s life history and experiences throughoutRead MoreA Silver Fox868 Words   |  4 PagesCelebrations occur at various time points throughout the life course. With a solid group of friends to share those moments with, Billy invites his childhood friends to share the newest milestone in his life – his marriage. As the four men embark on a trip to remember, they learn the importance of embracing their age, rather than evade the inevitable by living up to the stigmas perpetuated by societal ignorance. Virility, affluence, and power, are components of the formula that represents Hollywood’sRead MoreThe Aging Process For The Older Adults Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pages Successful Aging Paper Albatul Albulayhi University of the Incarnate Word â€Æ' Successful Aging Paper Aging is inevitable; as people age in the second half of life, the body often faces some challenges mentally and physically. Aging was defined by Robert Arking (1998), as a â€Å" Time-dependent series of cumulative, progressive, intrinsic, and harmful changes that begin to manifest at reproductive maturity and eventually end in death† (p. 520). The aging process for the older adults is influenced byRead MoreReflection Paper On Aging1710 Words   |  7 Pagesthe embodied aging and experience by creating a storyline based on the character, Billy, shared the good news of him finally proposing to his much younger girlfriend with his dearest friends and wanted them to be supportive in his decision-making. All four friends decided to escape from their daily lives a couple of days in order to throw a bachelor party together for Billy in Las Vegas (Last Vegas, 2013). They have been best friends since childhood, yet have experienced a different aging journey (LastRead MoreDisengageme nt Theory Is The First Formal Theory Of Aging873 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst formal theory of aging. It was first proposed in 1961 by Elaine Cumming and William Hendry. They both were researchers from the University of Chicago. The two developed their theory in their book Growing Old: The Process of Disengagement. In the book they criticized the implicit theory that people can adjust, be satisfied, and happy in old age. They can also be physically involved and remain active throughout their lives. â€Å"Cumming and Henry argued that normal aging involves a natural and inevitableRead MoreA Research Study On Successful Aging919 Words   |  4 PagesSuccessful aging is a complicated and multifaceted concept that varies contextually among individuals, disciplines, and even time. Gerontologists have traditionally considered a person to have aged successfully upon having reached old age with their physical health, mental well-being and spirit still intact. Ultimately, successful aging is a matter of personal perspective, largely influenced by an individual s values and experiences. Even those within America s elderly population hold conflictingRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Work On The Elderly1684 Words   |  7 PagesSocial work in Canadian seniors is that the aging can be attributed to the three factors that are stated which are the baby boom generation; a rise in couple’s delaying having families and high life expectancy. Statistics show that one in ten seniors is eighty five and over and most live in a household of their own or with family/relatives. The social worker underlying values and principles with a strong code of ethics because it helps guide people with life challenges. The code of ethics addressesRead MoreEssay about Grumpy Old Men1086 Words   |  5 Pages GM, 6 Grumpy Old Men Assignment Grumpy Old Men Assignment The movie â€Å"Grumpy Old Men† starring Jack Lemon and Walter Matthau, portrays aging in its highs and lows through humor to soften the ageism put on the last stages of life. It exposes the disengagements, actions and social emotions of the second half of life from a development process. John Gustafson (Jack Lemon) spends a lot of time in his home alone playing chess. His mornings outside of the holidays consist ofRead MoreNot Only Is It Detrimental To The Social Development Of1604 Words   |  7 Pages Not only is it detrimental to the social development of geriatric individuals when we are not educated about typical and nontypical aging, but it is also detrimental to the overall physical and cognitive health due to the fact that we lose valuable opportunities at early intervention. All three of the most commonly diagnosed degenerative conditions within the geriatric population can have improved prognosis with early intervention. The earlier that these conditions can be identified and diagnosedRead MoreThe University Of Connecticut Of Maryland1704 Words   |  7 Pagesnew students is then must impact the dynamic of the residence halls, classrooms, support services, and everything that is given to the average aged undergrad college student. Loyola would also be a ble to supply the needs for the different types of aging such as normal and abnormal so everyone is given the same opportunities to excel. Changing the method Loyola has been accustomed to for years, this will create a positive image on older adults. Therefore, with Loyola allowing these individuals to

Enterprise Resource Planning Shared Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Enterprise Resource Planning for Shared Leadership. Answer: Reason behind Implementing or Updating the ERP: The following points are the reason behind choosing an ERP or enterprise resource system. All the crucial process of the organization can be visible to the management. The information of various departments will be accessible easily. Single and unified reporting system for investigating the status or statistics in real-time. This will be possible within all the departments and functions (Leon 2014). The business intelligence functionalities can be incorporated within the business with the extension by the ERP vendor. It will allow the management to get inside the business activities and recognize the potential issues. On the basis of the requirement of the organization, the selection of the modules such as human resource management, finance, marketing, customer relationship management and many more can be selected. This indicates that the system is a modular system (Monk and Wagner 2012). The centralize storage and backup of all the organization data can be done through the database system which is implemented in the backend. The globally dispersed enterprise organizations are the best for an enterprise resource system (Tsai et al. 2012). Across all the departments, the collaboration can be achieved because of the faster collaboration and enterprise wide visibility. Because the centralized security policies and legislations can be applied to the system, more security can be achieved in terms of an enterprise resource planning system (Kwak et al. 2012). Application program interface can be used in the ERP system for integrating other systems. It allows an organization to extend the functionality of the ERP system. As the system provides flexibility at every part of it, this interaction works as very part of the ERP. Advanced E-commerce can be incorporated with the enterprise resource system. In addition to that, web based order tracking can be handled by the ERP system (Saeed, Skielse and Uppstrom 2012). Organizational Processes Supported by ERP: Key Business Processes Functions of Business Marketing Marketing of a product Sales order tracking Support to consumer CRM or customer relationship management Sales forecasting Advertising SCM or supply chain management Buying raw materials Obtain goods Logistics and transportation Scheduling production Manufacturing goods Maintenance of the plant Finance and accounting Payments to supplier from consumer Cost control and allocation Planning and budgeting Cash flow management HRM or human resource management Hiring and recruiting Training Payroll Advantages Government compliance Table 1: Key Business Functionalities of ERP (Source: Jin et al. 2014) Marketing System: The complete 3600 picture of the client can be visible to the management which assists in enhancing the order fulfillment and order processing. The system also automatically generates qualified leads, handle multi channel marketing campaigns, streamlining the sales activity and collaboration among the sales and marketing (Strauss 2016). The system provides the information to the desired and authorized personnel in real time. Account system: General ledger modules and the purchasing can be integrated directly. The history and the current activity of the vendor can be accessed by the vendor activity program. The recurring invoices can be automatically created with repetitive data entry (Kanellou and Spathis 2013). It also provides multilevel taxing capabilities for multiple localities such as state, county, and city. Supply chain management: Through the supply chain planning promotions, marketing channels, needs in the inventory, making sure of replenishment, marketing channel selection and many more can be achieved effectively and efficiently (Stadtler 2015). It handles the supply of the goods, service and procurement effectively. Review, monitor and alter the supply chain activity and efforts in real time is done through the enterprise resource system. Human Resource Management: The human resource planning is established by the ERP. Through the simulation of the human resource planning the management can take better decision (Hoch and Dulebohn 2013). The ERP is the key in many enterprises for acquiring the interpersonal, technical and business skills that are needed by the employees. Key Modules in the Enterprise Resource System: Supply chain management: In terms of the manufactures this module is one of the most crucial modules. From the bottom to the top all the aspects of the supply chain management is visible to the management (Leon 2014). Demand management, forecasting, procurement, planning and many more are the key SCM modules. CRM: All the consumer transition of an organization is visible at one place through the customer relationship management software (Khodakarami and Chan 2014). Master data management are consumer data integration the main aspects of the ERP customer relationship management. Product lifecycle management: Port folio management, product data management, direct material sourcing and product design are the various parts of the PLM. The attributes and the design of the product can be accessed by the management through the ERP (Vezzetti, Violante and Marcolin 2014). Human capital management: It is another common module of the ERP. The HCM modules provide capacity as the center representative record, which subtle elements work force activities, benefits organization and finance, position administration and consistence with government directions (Hoch and Dulebohn 2013). ERP HCM covers three regions of worker administration: value-based, ability administration and developed administration. Warehouse Management System: WMS programming is an unquestionable requirement has for makers. ERP WMS modules take after the conveyance procedure required with completed merchandise or materials from conveyance into the distribution center for capacity through renewal and picking for shipment to satisfy orders (Sahuri and Utomo 2016). WMS modules likewise synchronize and control stock on the shop floor. Asset Management: Makers can track physical assembling resources required underway - the plant itself and gear - utilizing ERP Asset management modules. A portion of the day by day works that ERP Asset management handles are upkeep plans, hardware uptime and downtime, stock and guarantee administration and consistence with unsafe materials and waste following directions (Morlhon, Pellerin and Bourgault 2014). Considerations for Evaluating, Purchasing and Implementing an ERP System: Evaluating: For evaluating the ERP the key considerations are as following. Business size: The organization must take into consideration their business size. It is because the small business does not include most of the functionalities of the ERP while and medium or large enterprise will (Smith and Kutas 2015). Security: The security can be considered as the most crucial feature of an ERP. The information that the ERP is consisting of is most valuable for an organization. Reporting: As a business reports to various organization and there are multiple laws associated with the reporting, the reporting can be considered as the one of the valuable considerations while evaluating an ERP (Kayser and Tenke 2015). Implementing: The considerations while implementing the ERP are as following. Support of upper management: Obtain the support of the upper management is a crucial factor in terms of implementing an ERP within an organization. Making clear concept about the requirement: Often the wrong requirements create a situation where the both the client and vendor organization suffers from implementing the ERP. So it is crucial for the organization to specify the requirements clearly before initiating the implementation process (Smith and Kutas 2015). Mobile users: As most of the users are interested in accessing the system through their mobile phones, the organization must consider making the system mobile supported. Purchasing: The considerations while purchasing the ERP are as following. Objective of the organization: The organization must analyse that the ERP is capable of fulfilling the goals and objectives of the organization. In addition to that, the organizations have to consider that whether the ERP is capable of bringing a product to the market faster and staying entire regulatory requirement or not. Future scalability and underlying technology: As the technology is moving very fast, knowing the underlying technology of the ERP is very crucial now days (Kayser and Tenke 2015). It is because the future scalability of the ERP depends on the underlying technology used in the ERP. PART 2 1. Context Diagram of Sport Goods Galores ERP: 2. DFD of Sport Goods Galores ERP: 3. System Flow Chart of Sport Goods Galores ERP: References: Hoch, J.E. and Dulebohn, J.H 2013. Shared leadership in enterprise resource planning and human resource management system implementation.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), pp.114-125. Jin, J., Allison, B.Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, X. and Cichocki, A 2014. An ERP-based BCI using an oddball paradigm with different faces and reduced errors in critical functions.International journal of neural systems,24(08), p.1450027. Kanellou, A. and Spathis, C 2013. Accounting benefits and satisfaction in an ERP environment.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,14(3), pp.209-234. Kayser, J. and Tenke, C.E 2015. Issues and considerations for using the scalp surface Laplacian in EEG/ERP research: A tutorial review.International Journal of Psychophysiology,97(3), pp.189-209. Khodakarami, F. and Chan, Y.E 2014. Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation.Information Management,51(1), pp.27-42. Kwak, Y.H., Park, J., Chung, B.Y. and Ghosh, S 2012. Understanding end-users acceptance of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in project-based sectors.IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,59(2), pp.266-277. Leon, A 2014.Enterprise resource planning. McGraw-Hill Education. Monk, E. and Wagner, B 2012.Concepts in enterprise resource planning. Cengage Learning. Morlhon, R., Pellerin, R. and Bourgault, M 2014. Building Information Modeling implementation through maturity evaluation and Critical Success Factors management.Procedia Technology,16, pp.1126-1134. Saeed, I., Juell-Skielse, G. and Uppstrom, E 2012. Cloud enterprise resource planning adoption: Motives barriers.Advances in Enterprise Information Systems II,429. Sahuri, G. and Utomo, F.A.P 2016. Warehouse Management System.Information System Application,1(1). Smith, N.J. and Kutas, M 2015. Regressionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based estimation of ERP waveforms: II. Nonlinear effects, overlap correction, and practical considerations.Psychophysiology,52(2), pp.169-181. Stadtler, H 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Strauss, J 2016.E-marketing. Routledge. Tsai, W.H., Lee, P.L., Shen, Y.S. and Lin, H.L 2012. A comprehensive study of the relationship between enterprise resource planning selection criteria and enterprise resource planning system success.Information Management,49(1), pp.36-46. Vezzetti, E., Violante, M.G. and Marcolin, F 2014. A benchmarking framework for product lifecycle management (PLM) maturity models.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,71(5-8), pp.899-918.

Soccer Essays (1494 words) - Laws Of Association Football

Soccer SOCCER Not much is known about the origin of soccer. However, the Greeks and Romans played football and ball kicking games. The London Football Association developed the first sets of rules in 1863. British sailors and settlers brought the game to India, South America and Europe. During the late 19th century, soccer was brought to the United States. However, it did not prove popular until after World War I. In 1908, soccer was made an Olympic event. Since 1952, Hungary has won the most gold medals with three. Even today, although it is an international game, it has been slow to gain popularity as an intercollegiate sport in this country. It is however, gaining popularity and is being included in physical education programs in many schools. Also, many local communities have started youth soccer leagues for children of all ages. The game of soccer, or association football as it is properly called, is the Europe's most popular sport. Just about every country in the world plays soccer in some form or another. It is both physically and mentally demanding, requiring athletic skill and quick thinking. There are many tales about how soccer began. Many civilizations claim that they discovered the sport. There are records of soccer like games having been played in China, Greece, Japan, and Mexico more than 2,000 years ago. Also the The Federation International de Football Association (FIFA) was formed in 1904 as an international governing body. Today, FIFA, which is headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland, has more than one hundred-forty member nations and overseas about thirty-nine million players worldwide. France, Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Spain, Denmark, and Sweden were the founding fathers of FIFA. In 1905 Germany, Austria, and England joined the organization. At this time there was discussion of the first World Cup. In soccer there are many rules that have changed. Back in the 1700's the playing field was shaped like a square. There were only four major markings on the field. They were the touchlines, goal lines, halfway line, and the eighteen-yard lines. When the Football Association (FA) was created in 1863, the first uniform rules were made. FIFA now requires that soccer be played on a rectangular field between one hundred and one hundred-thirty yards long and between fifty and one hundred yards wide . For international matches the field should be between one hundred- ten and one hundred-twenty yards long and between seventy and eighty yards wide. There are two goals, one placed at each end of the field. They are eight feet tall, eight yards across, and six feet deep. The lines that mark the sides of the field are called touchlines; those that mark the two ends of the field are called goal lines. Also there are five other distinctive lines. They are the halfway lines, the goal areas, the penalty areas, the corner marks, and the center circle. In 1908 soccer was put in every summer Olympic Game. Since 1952 Hungary has won the most gold medals. By 1930 the interest in soccer was high enough to ensure the success of the first World Cup. Even though only thirteen Countries entered that was still enough to have the first World Cup. Soccer didn't come to the United States until 1620. Soccer first became recognized in the United States when the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recognized it in 1959 as an official collegiate sport with a national championship tournament. Soon after the formation of the North American Soccer League (NASL), soccer in North America became the fastest growing sport for young people. Each team is made up of eleven players--a goalkeeper, and ten field players. The team is divided into positions. There are four players on the front line, three halfbacks, two fullbacks, one sweeper, and a goalkeeper. Players uniforms usually consist of shorts which are loose fitting, a shirt which must be identical to each player on the team, socks, shoes, and shin guards. The shin guards must be completely covered by the socks. Also the shoes should be cleated, but it is not mandatory to do so. Soccer is not always played outside. There is an indoor version of soccer. Indoor soccer began in 1939. It is a faster version of outdoor soccer. It is played

Free Essays on Condom Distribution

The Answer is Condom Distribution In an ever-changing world, we as a society must yield to old ways and begin change according to today’s values, morals, and reality. One hot topic in today’s government and high school hallways is the issue of condom distribution rights. In the following pages I will defend the value of sexual safety for the individual and their communities. Throughout my paper I will convince the reader that condom distribution along with proper education is the proper policy that our country needs to seek. Along with these two components our communities will notice rapid change in sexual knowledge and practices. The United States is in a current dilemma. Many advocates apt for change through teaching abstinence as a control of STD’s and pregnancy rates. However, polls show us that America’s teen are sexually active more and more often then we want to believe. In a recent poll nearly 80% of all teens age 15-19 have had at least one sexual encounter, leading to over 46, 000 pregnancies in that category alone. Why is the United States government so blind of these figures? How will teaching abstinence help these 80% who are already sexually active? In 1996 Congress allocated $50 million to fund an abstinence-until-marriage education in high schools. These actions suggest that the primary goal of this country is preventing teenagers from having sex, not preventing disease and pregnancy from the 80% who are sexually active. This could in fact lead to current sexually active teens to feel morbid about their sexuality and decrease the amount of protected sex they have because of feelings of guilt. North America has the highest rates of teenage pregnancy, STD transmission, and out-of-wedlock births. Many say this is related to the suppressed nature that the United States uses to discuss sex, if ever done. The fact that many teens are prohibited from having sex prior to marriage is definitely ... Free Essays on Condom Distribution Free Essays on Condom Distribution The Answer is Condom Distribution In an ever-changing world, we as a society must yield to old ways and begin change according to today’s values, morals, and reality. One hot topic in today’s government and high school hallways is the issue of condom distribution rights. In the following pages I will defend the value of sexual safety for the individual and their communities. Throughout my paper I will convince the reader that condom distribution along with proper education is the proper policy that our country needs to seek. Along with these two components our communities will notice rapid change in sexual knowledge and practices. The United States is in a current dilemma. Many advocates apt for change through teaching abstinence as a control of STD’s and pregnancy rates. However, polls show us that America’s teen are sexually active more and more often then we want to believe. In a recent poll nearly 80% of all teens age 15-19 have had at least one sexual encounter, leading to over 46, 000 pregnancies in that category alone. Why is the United States government so blind of these figures? How will teaching abstinence help these 80% who are already sexually active? In 1996 Congress allocated $50 million to fund an abstinence-until-marriage education in high schools. These actions suggest that the primary goal of this country is preventing teenagers from having sex, not preventing disease and pregnancy from the 80% who are sexually active. This could in fact lead to current sexually active teens to feel morbid about their sexuality and decrease the amount of protected sex they have because of feelings of guilt. North America has the highest rates of teenage pregnancy, STD transmission, and out-of-wedlock births. Many say this is related to the suppressed nature that the United States uses to discuss sex, if ever done. The fact that many teens are prohibited from having sex prior to marriage is definitely ...

MUÃOZ Surname Meaning and Origin

MUÑOZ Surname Meaning and Origin Muà ±oz is a patronymic surname meaning son of Muà ±o a personal name that means hill. It could also be patronymic for son of Nuà ±o, meaning ninth- a name sometimes given to the ninth child. Muà ±oz is the 40th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings:  MÚÑOZ, MUNIZ, MUNO, MUNONEZ Famous People with the Surname MUÑOZ Rafael Muà ±oz: Famous Puerto Rican big band director and bass playerRafael Muà ±oz: a Mexican journalist, novelist, and writer of short storiesLuis  Muà ±oz  Marà ­n: First governor of Puerto Rico Where Do People With the MUÑOZ Surname Live? The surname distribution data at  Forebears  ranks Muà ±oz as the 287th most common surname in the world, identifying it as most prevalent in Mexico and with the highest number as a percentage of the population in Chile. Muà ±oz is the 2nd most common name found in Chile, borne by one in every eighty-six residents. It is also fairly common in Spain, where it ranks 17th; Colombia, where it ranks 18th; and Ecuador, where it comes in at 20th.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname MUÑOZ 100 Common Hispanic Surnames and Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Hispanic last names? How to Research Hispanic HeritageLearn how to get started researching  your Hispanic ancestors, including the basics of family tree research and country-specific organizations, genealogical records, and resources for Spain, Latin America, Mexico, Brazil, the Caribbean and other Spanish speaking countries. Muà ±oz Family Crest: Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Muà ±oz  family crest or coat of arms for the Muà ±oz surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   MUÑOZ Family Genealogy ForumRead this archive of the former popular genealogy forum for the Muà ±oz  surname to find what others who have been researching your ancestors have posted. This forum is no longer active. FamilySearch: MUÑOZ GenealogyAccess over 2.5 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Muà ±oz  surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MUÑOZ Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Muà ±oz  surname and its variations. In addition to joining a list, you can also browse or search the archives to explore over a decade of postings for the Muà ±oz  surname. GeneaNet: Muà ±oz RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Muà ±oz  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Spain, and other European countries. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The achievement of desire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The achievement of desire - Essay Example The main problem for Rodriguez was that complete cultural assimilation did not take place. However, the predominance of American values, in all institutions but particularly in the workplace and the schools, often placed great pressures on immigrant families, created conflict between family members and sometimes threatened positive identification with their own cultures. In terms of one-way assimilation, Rodriguez was the only member of the family able to assimilate and accept new cultural values and principles (Hollinger 82). However, it is important not to generative too much from these associations. Individuals and families from most countries have arrived over extended periods of time; the experience of early arrivals is often quite different from that of later arrivals, who come to an established community. "There is no trace of his parents' accent in his speech. Instead he approximates the accents of teachers and classmates" (Rodriguez n.d.). In terms of ethnic hierarchy theory, American culture was a dominant one as it reflected values and traditions of the state. In contrast, Mexican culture was seen as a minor one representing immigrants and asylum seekers. In order to success in life, Rodriguez had to choose a dominant culture and its principles value by the majority of society.

Letter to the Editor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Letter to the Editor - Essay Example I am therefore writing this in the expression of my concern about the increased road accidents due to careless driving in Lawrence area. From the accident mentioned, the Kansas highway patrol reports have indicated that there are several state laws on road safety that are severely violated. In most cases, drivers choose to ignore these rules. It has been proved that that just 70% of drivers on the road belt up as opposed to the required 100%. In case of an accident, it is hazardous, and it has been established that the highest number of deaths occur to those that fail to belt up as opposed to those that belt up. The driving for that matter has been careless. There have been reports of over-speeding in which drivers go beyond the required speed. This has led to many drivers losing control and knocking over pedestrians on the road pavements. Apart from overspending, the other problem as has been established is that the drivers and the passengers hardly belt up. A high number of accidents caused by impact lead to deaths because of the drivers and passengers failed to belt up. Disregarding the traffic rules and road signs is a deliberate act that causes accidents. Consider the March 2nd, 2014 accident in which a driver along Douglas County Road 1061 failed to stop at the US-56 intersection. The vehicle ended up being hit by a GMC Denali XL sports car, and the two ended up landing in a ditch with one vehicle landing on top of the other. Hospital reports have indicated that there are some drivers that drive under the influence of drugs and alcohol in complete contravention of the Kansas traffic l aws. There are several solutions that need to be implemented to curb this reckless loss of lives on the roads. The first solution is that the highway patrol police need to implement laws on driving as well spelt out in Kansas Statutes Chapter 8 Article 10. In this, no driver is supposed to take the

Potluck Essay Example for Free

Potluck Essay The meaning of Doublespeak in Lutz opinion The essay Doublespeak specifically dives into the significance of the idea. The author does not hold back, but early on defines the general meaning of Doublespeak. The authors introduction is the explanation of doublespeak in general context. He lets the reader know beforehand about many tangents in double speak. He mentions four types of doublespeak which are euphemism, Jargon, gobblygook, and complex language. From these sub groups of double speak, he further explains detail of such doublespeak and its effect to the public. In essence, the effect of the author is to nform the audience precisely about doublespeak in many angles. He does not take a strong stance on his argument, but he does let his audience know that double speak is an effective rhetoric to use in certain circumstances. The idea of euphemism is to sugar coat an instance. This can be used by simple diction or a whole statement. It is up to the writer to choose his/her method. Lutz leaves the choice to the audience, but provides certain examples to let the audience be informed with the affect of euphemism in a statement. In essence, he provides short and precise examples by omparing a straightforward statement with a doublespeak statement. He informs the reader that euphemism is a rhetoric that creates vagueness in a blunt statement. In my opinion, Lutz did a fine Job. The omission of any statements will leave the essay vague and blank, in a sense. Secondly, Lutz explains and defines Jargon to be a prestigious type language to impress and inform an audience. Many of the high class workers use this rhetoric in their professions to make a good impression. In essence, a Jargon can be used in a hospital, court, or any other professional environment. Lutz rovides the reader with positives and negatives regarding this rhetoric. He informs his reader to be well aware of using such rhetoric. The examples provided are precise and clear cut. In essence, he gets his point through. Adding on, gobblygook is a certain doublespeak that is similar to a Jargon, but way out of proportion with its complexity. Lutz lets the reader know to use this language in specific rhetorical situations. He informs the audience that gobblygook is a type of rhetoric that is used impress a bunch of ignorant audience, or to impress an educated group of audience hom will actually understand the meaning of such words. Besides that, it is not proper to use in personal conversations unless youre Einstein. Lutz efficiently explains this idea by providing examples to the audience. Furthermore, complex language is a type of rhetoric that is considered moderate compared to gobblygook. Its not out of proportion, but can stray away the audience if used too much. In oral arguments it is not functional. If used in papers, it can work, but if used too much, it can confuse the reader. Lutz explains the moderation of this rhetoric compared to Jargon and gobblygook. In essence, Lutz does a fine Job explaining the definitions of double speak in all angles. He gives the audience a general definition and provides general examples to prepare the audience for the lesson. He divides the four main definitions and gives sub examples for each definition. In addition he connects each definition back and forth providing the audience will clarification on his topic. He classifies his work in a general topic, then provides examples, and ultimately connects it to the overall meaning of doublespeak. In essence, he does an effective Job explaining the audience the general idea of doublespeak.

Government Surveillance vs Personal Privacy Essay -- Costs of NSA Surv

Today, individuals are sacrificing privacy in order to feel safe. These sacrifices have made a significant impact on the current meaning of privacy, but may have greater consequences in the future. According to Debbie Kasper in her journal, â€Å"The Evolution (Or Devolution) of Privacy,† privacy is a struggling dilemma in America. Kasper asks, â€Å"If it is gone, when did it disappear, and why?†(Kasper 69). Our past generation has experienced the baby boom, and the world today is witnessing a technological boom. Technology is growing at an exponential rate, thus making information easier to access and share than ever before. The rapid diminishing of privacy is leaving Americans desperate for change. Privacy allows an individual the power of seclusion in order to shut anything in particular out. In today’s society the term privacy has generated several different interpretations. Thus creating a large grey area as well as numerous debates as to whether or not privacy has been violated. According to Kasper, â€Å"If privacy is to be understood, it must be examined from the inside, that is, from the standpoint of the experience of its invasion† (Kasper 75). Privacy is a very broad term today due to many fairly new meanings. In order to truly understand the real meaning of privacy it must be examined at a deeper depth; That is, to understand the victim of the invasion and the consequences in which he or she has suffered. This grey area of privacy has expanded even further as of result of the technological era that is currently growing larger. Privacy was previously only understood dealing with humans’ body and physical interactions. Not too long ago social networking and the Internet did not exist making it extremely difficult for indi... ...xford: Oxford University Press, Inc. 2011. Print. Kasper, Debbie. â€Å"The Evolution (Or Devolution) of Privacy.† Springer Vol. 20, No. 1 (2005): 69-92. Web. 22 Sept. 2015. Kaufman, Brett. â€Å"ACLU Files Lawsuit Challenging NSA’s Patriot Act Phone Surveillance.† ACLU.org. ACLU, 11 June. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. â€Å"The Government Is Spying on Us Through Our Computers, Phones, Cars, Buses, Streetlights, At Airports And On The Street, Via Mobile Scanners And Drones, Through Our Smart Meters, And In Many Other Ways.† WashingtonsBlog.com. Word Press, 23 Sept. 2013. Web. 30 Sept. 2015. Whitehead, John and Steven Aden. â€Å"Forfeiting â€Å"Enduring Freedom† for â€Å"Homeland Security†: A Constitutional Analysis of the USA Patriot Act and the Justice Department’s Anti-Terrorism Initiatives.† American University Law Review Vol. 51, No. 6 (June 2002): 1081-1133. Web. 2 Oct. 2015.

The Beach Descriptive Essay.

Ddirk Mrs. K English 9 A October 24, 2012 Descriptive Essay The look of glee on people faces is the look that you might expect from a child on Christmas day. Why this look? They are on the most amazing place on earth truly it’s a gift from God Himself the â€Å"beach†. The beach is a quiet and peaceful place but at the same time it can be so noisy because the number of people that are on this beach is as if the new iphone 5 is being sold. You just have to allow yourself to become that carefree kid again and let go.As I look out to sea I hear and see the waves crashing down so eager to get to the shore line and I think how can something so beautiful be so deadly at the same time? I am completely unaware of my surroundings as I am lost deep in thought. I hear nothing. Then I am taken aback by the sound of a child’s pure laughter a sound that you would only expect to hear from a child but wait! It’s not a sound of one child laughter it’s a sound of a w hole family completely care free and undaunted by the problem they have, for now the biggest problem they have is who’s sand castle is the best.All they want to do is enjoy these memories in the making and have fun. If you are not careful you might let go of you worries and fear and become a child again. On this sunny beach the hot sand is messed up from people walking on it, making sand castles, hand prints from little kids who are so eager to get themselves messy and my personal favorite foot prints in the sand from big and little kids all alike. I look at the sand as I am walking and I realize just how many sand dollars, seashells and rocks are hidden in the sand just barely visual to a wandering eye.It is like they are playing a game of peek-a-boo with you, not wanting to be caught but also not wanting to be unaware of their surroundings. As I reach out to pick up neat sand dollars that are hairy it’s almost like you are picking up a spider or something that is gro ss, seashells that are so cold that you would think they had been in the freezer, rocks that are so flat and smooth its unreal, and drift wood that is so smooth you don’t get splinters. The sound of seagulls squawking is so loud that you think that you might go crazy if you ere another one squawk again, yet this apart of the beauty of the beach and they too are an amazing part of the beach. Yum†¦ the smell of the beach goes from smelling like a fish hatchery, to the smell of people cooking food on the grill and then you suddenly realize you too are hungry. Its lunch time and it’s time to try to get the sand that is inevitable off of you. I walk into the water unaware that the water is as cold as ice the water reaches my toes first and my instant reaction is to scream.I scream and run out and I am greeted with the stares from the on goers I am instantly embarrassed and suddenly feel like everybody on the beach is staring at me and is wondering what is wrong with th at girl? I should have known that the water would be cold because it’s always cold what was I thinking? I guess I was still in awe of the beauty of the beach I think to myself I will and will never get tired of this amazing and beautiful place for as long as I live. It has been I long day and I am exhausted from such a long day of fun.As the wind on my face is like a fan blowing directly in front of me, cooling of the beach and the people from the heat. I think to myself what makes the beach wonderful is the sound of children’s laughter, the squawking of those annoying seagulls, the smell of the fish hatchery, the grainy feeling of the sand that always seems to get into your mouth no matter what, the smell and the taste of the salty water that you swallow and just the smell of outdoors and wood burning.Those are the things that make up a beach; without those things it would not be near as exciting. As I watch the sunset I realize that the worries of the real world may sometimes not allow a person to become a child again and how sad to think they are on an amazing place with so much beauty which you should be carefree and they can’t because they are not able to let go. I love the beach! I believe it was and is a blessing from God.

Ethan Frome

Ethan Frome: Prisoner of Sheer Bleakness Ethan Frome, the striking, disfgured man of Starkfield and main character of the novel Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton, serves as an instance where a character has endured a significant event from the past that has affected the character in a negative way. Due to Ethan's harsh past that led to his repression away from society and internal moral entanglement, his activities and values in life were decrepitly modified.In the novel, certain personal circumstances surrounding Ethan Frome's early life contribute to the outcome of his pitiful life beginning with the earliest of woeful ircumstances in Ethan's life †his parents' sickliness. Shortly after graduating high school, Ethan attends a university where he studies his two passions†science and technology. This event allows the reader to view one of the few positive events in Ethan's life.After graduating he plans on escaping from Starkfield, which the reader later finds to be Ethan's ge ological and personal prison, but, soon after he begins University, Ethan's father and mother become ill. Ethan is forced to move back to the Frome's farm due to his strong willed morals, but when his father passes away, he is orced to take care his ill mother as well. Ethan's future wife Zeena, comes to care for his mother. This first sequence of circumstances allows the reader to view not only a glimpse of Ethan's moral values but Just how melancholic Ethan's early personal life begins to become.His mother, being Ethan's main source of attention and social interaction before her illness, stops talking to him and soon after dies, which leaves Zeena to be left with Ethan. Even though Zeena is viewed wicked by the reader, she is an interest to Ethan since she talks to him after his mother stopped and Ethan enjoys t. Being that it was winter, the most dreadful of seasons for Starkfield and the fact that he feels he owes her for caring for his mother, Ethan is summoned by his fear of l oneliness and contending his morals and marries Zeena.Initially, Ethan plans on moving away from Starkfleld with his new bride; however, Zeena, too, becomes ill. With Zeena's illness now becoming a hurdle in Ethan's race for freedom from the grim Starkfield, morally he tends to her needs and cares for his wife. Zeena, now ill, is no longer conversing as much with Ethan as before his mother's death and becomes n apparent hypochondriac and speaks in an obnoxious â€Å"flat whine. † Zeena is also shaping into an unattractive, old woman. Easily, Ethan could leave Zeena and escape Starkfield, but his morals prevent this from occurring.Yet again, Ethan endures another tragedy in his life and where his morality dwindles his chances of escaping Starkfield. Ethan and Zeena's marriage becomes bland and unappetizing to the both of them, and since the two are isolated from the rest of Starkfield, Ethan longs for social activity. However, this is the case until Zeena decides to appoint he r cousin, Mattie Silver, to live at the Fromes' farm with them and work as a housekeeper. Unlike Zeena, Mattie is is young, attractive, and has an interest in speaking to Ethan.Unfortunately, Mattie is inexperienced and has no knowledge of housekeeping and is naive. Upon Mattie's arrival, Ethan is skeptical of the idea of having to pay for a housekeeper. Later, Ethan learns Mattie has came to live with the Fromes' in order to feelings for Mattie (because she is livelier than Zeena) but is unable to fully pursue a relationship with her due to his marriage to Zeena because of his moral character. Mattie, who talks to Ethan and gives him the attention he yearns for, is the driving force behind Ethan's new found happiness.Together, Mattie and Ethan enjoy conversing about Ethan's lessons on science and technology which eventually leads to their outdoor walks and their discussions about their love for nature. Initially, Ethan is not physically having a relationship with Mattie due to his moral values, but envisioning one. Zeena, being an observant woman, realizes Ethan's changes and behavior for example his interest in bettering his appearance, specifically for Mattie. Ethan finds his way in a place of confusion, his happiness is because of Mattie, but morally he couldn't develop anymore of a romantic relationship with her because of his wife Zeena.Zeena decides to replace Mattie after her suspicion of a relationship between Ethan and Mattie sparks. Ethan becomes upset; â€Å"She had taken everything else from him; and no she meant to take the one thing that made up for all the others†. While escorting Mattie to her departure, the two decide to go sledding which results in act of attempt suicide to embody their love, but during the course of action, Ethan's morals†get the best of him. After the accident with Mattie, Ethan's life goes down hill.With a now disfigured body, a pitiful wife, and a paralyzed lover, Ethan Frome has now become a prisoner of Sta rkfield; â€Å"He seemed a part of the mute melancholy landscape, and incarnation of its frozen woe, with all that was warm and sentient in him fast bound below the surface;. † Negatively, the accident affects his present and future lives because he not only becomes an outcast to society but â€Å"the most striking fgure†. Left with having to aide Mattie in her physical impairment in his overty stricken home, he also deals with producing an income as well as no escape from Starkfield whatsoever.Unfortunately, Ethan no longer has memory of his beloved Mattie since she has now a reflection of another whiny, wicked â€Å"Zeena â€Å", . if [Mattie] ha' died, Ethan might ha' lived; and the way they are now, I Frome .. don't see's there's much difference between the Fromes up at the farm and the Fromes down in the graveyard; ‘cept that down there theyre all quiet, and the women have got to hold their tongues. † Ethan's moral value is questioned when he could a ve avoided his disastrous life but Just avoiding confrontation with his issues.His life becomes more dreadful than death itself. Now living in absolute pity because of the disastrous events that occurred in his life, Ethan Frome becomes a prisoner of unhappiness in his own home. All together with the death of his parents, his debt to his sickly wife, and his tragic accident which left him disfgured, Ethan Frome's repression from society and internal moral entanglement not only prevented him to never escape the harsh and bleak winters of Starkfield but, led him to become†a ruin ofa man. Ethan Frome Matt Grann January 4, 2009 Ethan Frome is an example of realist text for many reasons. The novel has many gritty facts of life and explains the lower class. It also has shows the harshness of reality. Finally, Ethan Frome is an example of men having no free will and can’t avoid their fate. Ethan Frome shows examples of Realism because of the gritty facts portrayed throughout the novel. It shows many things that make the lower class of life seem horrible and harder than what used to be thought of the poorer men. The upper class felt that poor people had no worries, but as a person would read realist text, they would realize that the poor life is hard and unrewarding. A gritty fact that is placed throughout the novel is that Starkfield is barren town. It is deserted, with limited townspeople and visitors. Also, the snow is not plowed, he has to drive himself around in the weather, and it shows him doing extremely trivial things. Frome scrambled†¦ heavily booted foot† (pg 21), shows that it is extremely hard for him to make it through the snow, and him walking through the snow as a challenge is such a trivial thing, yet it brings a new character into the story by causing so many problems. He does many other   trivial things throughout the novel that are explained, such as doing mill work, scrubbing the floor and doing dishes. This shows the worst parts of life, and shown throughout the whole book to show the problems that Starkfield faces. Harshness of reality shows realism because of the problems Ethan end sup facing throughout the book. The winter is a problem that everyone faces, in each and every persons reality. This is unavoidable and just causes a hastle on Fromes life. Being married to Zeena is also another example of the harshness of reality, he has serious issues concerning Zeena and is unhappily married to her, yet he can do nothing to change what goes on in his life. Ethan says â€Å"he was seized with an unreasoning dread of being left alone on the farm; and before he knew what he was doing he had asked her to stay with him. He married Zeena for the sole reason of fearing being alone in winter and going crazy. Another is that he could not go to college because of his parents deaths. His mother and father both died while he was attending school and he was forced to come home and take over the family business and take care of the farm. It is unfortunate for Ethan because he was on the road to becoming great yet when his parents died he was forced to give up his dream. No free will also poses another issue in Frome’s life and portrays realism strongly in Ethan Frome. The fact that he can’t avoid his fate is a strong topic throughout the novel. He can’t leave the house and go with matt because he will not have enough money to take her anywhere. The narrator states â€Å"There was no way out – none. He was a prisoner for life, and now his one ray of light was to be extinguished†, and this makes him realize life can never be fixed and get better. And he also cannot stay at home, because he loves Mattie and not Zeena so he is stuck in a dilemma, and can’t avoid what was meant to be. Also his mother died in winter, which made him feel as if he would go crazy if he was stuck in the house alone all winter, which made him ask Zeena to stay with him even though he did not love her. This is just a reason of chance, and ended up being his fate. Also he tries to escape his fate, and die with Mattie but he is meant to drag on his life with Zeena for as long as possible. Ethan Frome shows examples of realist text. It shows the gritty facts of life that exploit the lower class. This show harshness of reality in the novel as well. Also, it is an example of no free will, and that you have no way to avoid your fate. Ethan Frome Matt Grann January 4, 2009 Ethan Frome is an example of realist text for many reasons. The novel has many gritty facts of life and explains the lower class. It also has shows the harshness of reality. Finally, Ethan Frome is an example of men having no free will and can’t avoid their fate. Ethan Frome shows examples of Realism because of the gritty facts portrayed throughout the novel. It shows many things that make the lower class of life seem horrible and harder than what used to be thought of the poorer men. The upper class felt that poor people had no worries, but as a person would read realist text, they would realize that the poor life is hard and unrewarding. A gritty fact that is placed throughout the novel is that Starkfield is barren town. It is deserted, with limited townspeople and visitors. Also, the snow is not plowed, he has to drive himself around in the weather, and it shows him doing extremely trivial things. Frome scrambled†¦ heavily booted foot† (pg 21), shows that it is extremely hard for him to make it through the snow, and him walking through the snow as a challenge is such a trivial thing, yet it brings a new character into the story by causing so many problems. He does many other   trivial things throughout the novel that are explained, such as doing mill work, scrubbing the floor and doing dishes. This shows the worst parts of life, and shown throughout the whole book to show the problems that Starkfield faces. Harshness of reality shows realism because of the problems Ethan end sup facing throughout the book. The winter is a problem that everyone faces, in each and every persons reality. This is unavoidable and just causes a hastle on Fromes life. Being married to Zeena is also another example of the harshness of reality, he has serious issues concerning Zeena and is unhappily married to her, yet he can do nothing to change what goes on in his life. Ethan says â€Å"he was seized with an unreasoning dread of being left alone on the farm; and before he knew what he was doing he had asked her to stay with him. He married Zeena for the sole reason of fearing being alone in winter and going crazy. Another is that he could not go to college because of his parents deaths. His mother and father both died while he was attending school and he was forced to come home and take over the family business and take care of the farm. It is unfortunate for Ethan because he was on the road to becoming great yet when his parents died he was forced to give up his dream. No free will also poses another issue in Frome’s life and portrays realism strongly in Ethan Frome. The fact that he can’t avoid his fate is a strong topic throughout the novel. He can’t leave the house and go with matt because he will not have enough money to take her anywhere. The narrator states â€Å"There was no way out – none. He was a prisoner for life, and now his one ray of light was to be extinguished†, and this makes him realize life can never be fixed and get better. And he also cannot stay at home, because he loves Mattie and not Zeena so he is stuck in a dilemma, and can’t avoid what was meant to be. Also his mother died in winter, which made him feel as if he would go crazy if he was stuck in the house alone all winter, which made him ask Zeena to stay with him even though he did not love her. This is just a reason of chance, and ended up being his fate. Also he tries to escape his fate, and die with Mattie but he is meant to drag on his life with Zeena for as long as possible. Ethan Frome shows examples of realist text. It shows the gritty facts of life that exploit the lower class. This show harshness of reality in the novel as well. Also, it is an example of no free will, and that you have no way to avoid your fate.

FBI Warning Regarding Phishing, Spoofing and ID Theft

FBI Warning Regarding Phishing, Spoofing and ID Theft The FBI,  the  Federal Trade Commission (FTC), and Internet service provider Earthlink have jointly issued a warning on how the growing ranks of Internet crooks are using new tricks called phishing and spoofing to steal your identity. In an FBI press release, Assistant Director of the agencys Cyber Division, Jana Monroe says, Bogus e-mails that try to trick customers into giving out personal information are the hottest, and most troubling, new scam on the Internet. The FBIs Internet Fraud Complaint Center (IFCC) has seen a steady increase in complaints that involve some form of unsolicited e-mail directing consumers to a phony Customer Service type of web site. Assistant Director Monroe said that the scam is contributing to a rise in identity theft, credit card fraud, and other Internet frauds. How to Recognize Attack Email Spoofing, or phishing, frauds attempt to make Internet users believe that they are receiving e-mail from a specific, trusted source, or that they are securely connected to a trusted web site when that is not the case. Spoofing is generally used as a means to convince individuals to provide personal or financial information that enables the perpetrators to commit credit card/bank fraud or other forms of identity theft. In E-mail spoofing the header of an e-mail appears to have originated from someone or somewhere other than the actual source. Spam distributors and criminals often use spoofing in an attempt to get recipients to open and possibly even respond to their solicitations. IP Spoofing is a technique used to gain unauthorized access to computers, whereby the intruder sends a message to a computer with an IP address indicating that the message is coming from a trusted source. Link alteration involves altering the return address in a web page sent to a consumer to make it go to the hackers site rather than the legitimate site. This is accomplished by adding the hackers address before the actual address in any e-mail, or page that has a request going back to the original site. If an individual unsuspectingly receives a spoofed e-mail requesting him/her to click here to update their account information, and then are redirected to a site that looks exactly like their Internet Service Provider, or a commercial site like ​eBay or PayPal, there is an increasing chance that the individual will follow through in submitting their personal and/or credit information. FBI Offers Tips on How to Protect Yourself If you encounter an unsolicited e-mail that asks you, either directly, or through a web site, for personal financial or identity information, such as Social Security number, passwords, or other identifiers, exercise extreme caution.If you need to update your information online, use the normal process youve used before, or open a new browser window and type in the website address of the legitimate companys account maintenance page.If a website address is unfamiliar, its probably not real. Only use the address that you have used before, or start at your normal homepage.Always report fraudulent or suspicious e-mail to your internet service provider.Most companies require you to log in to a secure site. Look for the lock at the bottom of your browser and https in front of the website address.Take note of the header address on the web site. Most legitimate sites will have a relatively short internet address that usually depicts the business name followed by .com, or possibly .org. Spoof s ites are more likely to have an excessively long strong of characters in the header, with the legitimate business name somewhere in the string, or possibly not at all. If you have any doubts about an e-mail or website, contact the legitimate company directly. Make a copy of the questionable web sites URL address, send it to the legitimate business and ask if the request is legitimate.If youve been victimized, you should contact your local police or sheriffs department, and file a complaint with the FBIs Internet Fraud Complaint Center..

Former Schools of Bill Gates and 90 Other Celebrities

Former Schools of Bill Gates and 90 Other Celebrities Many celebrities, including Bill Gates, the co-founder of Microsoft,  have attended private high schools. including For some- including the children of politicians, diplomats, and royalty- security was an issue and attending private school kept the paparazzi at bay. For others, private school was a matter of pursuing academic excellence. For these and other reasons, private schools all over the world have educated many famous alums. So, which school did Bill Gates attend? He attended the Lakeside School in Seattle, Washington. Here are some other famous private school alums and the schools they attended. Adlai Stevenson Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTAlbert Gore, Jr. St. Albans School, Washington, DCAlexandra Ripley Ashley Hall, Charleston, SCAli McGraw Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTArchibald MacLeish The Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, CTArthur Golden Baylor School, Chattanooga, TNBarbara Bush Ashley Hall, Charleston, SCBenicio Del Toro Mercersburg Academy, Mercersburg, PABette Davis Cushing Academy, Ashburnham, MABill Gates Lakeside School, Seattle, WABill Fritz Montgomery Bell Academy, Nashville, TNBrandt Snedeker Montgomery Bell Academy, Nashville, TNBruce Weitz Ransom Everglades, Coconut Grove, FLChelsea Clinton Sidwell Friends School, Washington, DCChristian Bale, Bournemouth School, Charminster, Bournemouth, Dorset, EnglandCole Porter Worcester Academy, Worcester, MACondoleezza Rice St. Marys Academy, Englewood, CODaniel Radcliffe City of London School, London, EnglandDeWitt Wallace Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MADiana, Princess of Wales Riddlesworth Hal l, Diss, Norfolk, England Senator Edward Kennedy Milton Academy, Milton, MAEliot Spitzer Horace Mann School, New York, NYEnrique Iglesias Gulliver Preparatory, Miami, FLGlenn Close Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTFarrah Forke The Hockaday School, Dallas, TXFrank Shorter Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MAGeorge Carlin Cardinal Hayes High School, New York, NYGeorge Prescott Bush Gulliver Preparatory, Miami, FLGeorge Herbert Walker Bush Phillips Academy, Andover, MAGeorge Walker Bush Phillips Academy, Andover, MAGore Vidal Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, NHGwyneth Paltrow The Spence School, New York, New YorkHoward Baker McCallie School, Chatanooga, TNHumphrey Bogart Phillips Academy, Andover, MAIan Kiernan The Armidale School, NSW, AustraliaIvanka Trump Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTJacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis Miss Porters School, Farmington, CTJames Stewart Mercersburg Academy, Mercersburg, PAJames VanDerBeek Cheshire Academy, Chesire, CTJamie Lee Curtis Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wall ingford, CT Jane Fonda Emma Willard School, Troy, NYJennifer Anniston Rudolf Steiner School, New YorkJodie Foster Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTJohn Dos Passos Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTJohn OHurley Kingswood-Oxford School, West Hartford, CTJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTJohn Irving Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, NHJohn Kerry St. Pauls School, Concord, NHJohn McCain Episcopal High School, Alexandria, VAJon Meacham McCallie School, Chatanooga, TNJulia Louise-Dreyfus Holton-Arms School, Bethesda, MDKathleen Kennedy Townsend The Putney School, Putney, VTLaura Linney Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MALisa Loeb The Hockaday School, Dallas, TXLouise Fletcher All Saints School, Vicksburg, MSMadeline Albright Kent Denver School, Englewood, COMadeleine LEngleAshley Hall, Charleston, SCMadison Smartt Bell Montgomery Bell Academy, Nashville, TNMario Van Peebles St. Thomas More School, Oakdale, CTMary Higgins Clark Villa Maria Academy, Bronx, NYMel Gibson St Leos College, Waitara, Sydney, Australia Michael Douglas Choate-Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CTMinoru B. Makihara St. Pauls, Concord, NHMorgan Entrekin Montgomery Bell Academy, Nashville, TNNatalie Cole Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MAOliver Stone The Hill School, Pottstown, PAParis Hilton The Dwight School, New York, NYPatricia Richardson The Hockaday School, Dallas, TXPeter Cousens The Armidale School, NSW, AustraliaPrince Harry Eton College, Windsor, EnglandPrince William Eton College, Berkshire, EnglandQueen Noor Concord Academy, Concord, MAReggie Love Providence Day School, Charlotte, NCReese Witherspoon Harding Academy, Nashville, TNRichard Speight Jr. Montgomery Bell Academy, Nashville, TNS. Presley Blake Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MAShepard Smith Marshall Academy, Holly Springs, MSSky Dayton Delphian School, Sheridan, ORSunny von Bulow The Chapin School, New York, NYStephen Crane The Pennington School, Pennington, NJSteve Forbes The Brooks School, North Andover, MAStewart Mott Deerfield Aca demy, Deerfield, MA Stockard Channing The Madeira School, Mclean, VAStrobe Talbott St. Albans School, Washington, DCTed Danson Kent School, Kent, CTTed Turner McCallie School, Chatanooga, TNTim Russert  Canisius High School, Buffalo, NYTommy Lee Jones St. Marks School of Texas, Dallas, TXTucker Carlson St. Georges School, Newport, RIUma Thurman Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MAWill Ackerman Northfield Mt. Hermon School, Northfield, MA

Main Costs and Benefits of Monetary Union in the EU Research Paper

Main Costs and Benefits of Monetary Union in the EU - Research Paper Example Countries around the world do not have many choices when having to develop their relationships with other countries in the international community; the participation in unions and organizations of various forms is then proved necessary especially if the improvement of the political or financial position of a country is required. European Union has been the most important example of the specific practice. Despite the fact that the establishment of the Union was related to the interests of specific countries, soon its priorities were changed (Kotlowski, 2000). Through the years, the survival of the European Union has been related to its enlargement; countries from all the region’s areas had been called to participate in the Union – even if the relevant terms and conditions have not been appropriately evaluated in advance, an issue that has been revealed gradually especially within the context of current financial crisis. The current paper focuses on the examination of ben efits and costs of monetary union in the European Union zone. The case of two countries – Britain, a country that has been among the first members of the European Union and Bulgaria, a country that is expected to join the European Union zone – is used as an example for describing the context of the monetary union in Europe. The costs of the specific initiative are also evaluated – as possible – and are critically explained – in terms of their role in a country’s decision to enter the eurozone. The benefits of monetary unions have been traditionally regarded as the reason for the development of these unions worldwide. However, the effects of  these initiatives need to be taken into consideration before taking the relevant risk.

Dell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dell - Research Paper Example Its foreign market entry has been easy owing to an enlargement in its customer base and via acquisitions from the time of its inception. Apart from desktops and PCs (personal computers), Dell also offers devices for data storage, network switches, servers and computer peripherals. It also sells cameras, MP3 players, HDTVs, printers and other electronics. It also offers software and hardware in third-party. This has given it recognition in the foreign market (Kyle 17). Dell opened in the United Kingdom its first international subsidiary. It used a trade show in Spring Comdex to unveil its fastest performing PC (Personal Computer), with a 12 Megahertz, 286-based system. The industry opened other subsidiaries in Japan and Australia as their first entries into the region of Asia Pacific. The corporation continued to grow and even opened a manufacturing center in Ireland (at Limerick), in order to offer better services to clients in the Middle East, African continent and European continent. It launched Dell.com website, opened a first customer in Asia-Pacific (in Penang, Malaysia), and launched premier pages for its corporate customers. It also opened manufacturing centers in China, Xiamen, and a second in Texas. It broadcasted its manufacturing sites in the United States, Brazil and Ireland. Dell has also partnered with other industries basing on the Code of Conduct by Electronics Industry (Kyle 23). Dells potential competitors include Acer, Samsung, Sony, Toshiba, Apple, Asus, IBM, Lenovo, Gateway, Sun Microsystems, MSI and HP (Hewlett-Packard). Dell seems to show no interest in alliance with any of its competitors. It has tried to remain in stiff competition by improving on its marketing strategies and expanding its product line. Dell and Alienware (Dells subsidiary) compete against VoodooPC (HP s subsidiary) Falcon Northwest, AVADirect,

International History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International History - Essay Example The widest description of civilization is however the definition of a more complex lifestyle that encompasses urban culture and practice of complicated activities such as farming and construction of complex structures. In doing such complex activities therefore indicate a state of sophisticated way of thinking, change of taste, and improvement of behavior. Civilized communities are now described by the way they live i.e. organized leadership (governments), literacy, social integration, economic coordination and other cultural characteristics. The general question of concern is why early civilization materialized along river valleys The answer to this question is that rivers provided a source of dependable livelihood throughout the year. As the old adage goes, water is life; rivers provided a supply of water for farming, for people's consumption and other domestic uses. Rivers also worked as micro climate regulation influencing vegetation, type of weather, natural features and topography besides the land around river is usually very fertile and hence encouraged farming (McEvedy, 2002 p.30). Whereas people appeared to be dependant on these rivers, there river stimulated innovations that lead to emergence of new and refined institutional organization, technology development and economic management. Civilization along river valleys was a self determining factor and no relations whatsoever to other rivers but had some similar characteristics. Some of the early river civilizations that have been described are along R. Nile, R. Indus, R. Tigris and R. Euphrates (McEvedy, 2002 p.34). Contrary to river valley civilization, barbarian civilization also emerged at the same time among groups of people that practiced nomadic pastoralist. Barbarism describes a situation that reduces civilization process due to communal disintegration caused by lack of industrial progression. Such societies lagged behind in technical development and were deemed low-grade compared to other communities. Some of communities that endured this civilization set back developed to become nomadic pastoralists and practiced free farming. The emergence of Nomadic pastoralist has been described to be a consequence of Neolithic Revolution. Domestication of animals and more so herbivores and farming, cleared more land and pastures, as a consequence, communities had to migrate to other areas in search for greener pastures (McEvedy 2002 p.38-40). Factors that contributed to such migrations included seasons of droughts, overpopulation, attacks from other hostile communities and search for water. Historic ally it has been ascertained that Nomadic Pastoralist lead to development of hostility among pastoral communities towards others and they have been feared a lot even today. Coercive-Agrarian Civilization The agrarian civilization begun with the river valley civilization and the major characteristics of this civilization were; invention of writing, organization of communities into empires and construction of buildings and monuments. Invention of Writing The earliest writings of late years Before Christ are not considered as writings but rather as symbols. The earliest symbols were used to communicate messages to people and their complexity gradually grew to include rows aligned and could bring to mind an intuition of a clear text. It is very hard

Qualitative Research Methods in Organisations

Qualitative Research Methods in Organisations Provide a justification for qualitative research in organisations Qualitative research is a field of inquiry in its own right. It crosscuts disciplines, fields and subject matters. A complex, interconnected family of terms, concepts, and assumptions surround the term qualitative research. These include the traditions associated with foundationalism, positivism, postfoundationalism, postpositivism, poststructuralism, and the many qualitative research perspectives, and/or methods connected to cultural and interpretive studies. (Denzin and Lincoln, 2000:2) qualitative researchers can access fascinating data by observing mundane settings or by finding everyday features in extraordinary settings. (Silverman, 2007:37) This essay provides a justification for the use of qualitative research methods in organisations. In the past, qualitative research methods have always been sidelined and quantitative research methods have been preferred for undertaking organisational research. One of the reasons for this is that qualitative research is always influenced by the researchers personal disposition. According to Creswell, Qualitative Research is a form of interpretive inquiry in which researchers make an interpretation of what they see, hear, and understand. Their interpretations cannot be separated from their own backgrounds, history, contexts, and prior understandings. (Creswell, 2009:176) Another reason for this is given by Silverman when he says that Policy makers and managers have been pushed away from ethnographic research because it takes a relatively long time to complete and appears to use unrepresentative samples. Even though some ethnographers are able to produce powerful arguments about what c an be read from a single, well researched, case, others muddy the waters by political posturing and by suggesting that they want no truck with conventional scientific standards. (Silverman, 2007:86) The pull of quantitative research for organisations is that it tends to define its research problems in a way that makes immediate sense to practitioners and administrators. (Silverman, 2007:86) More recently many organisations have started recognising the merits of using qualitative research methods to undertake research in the organisation. Qualitative research methods enable a thorough scrutiny of the researched topic which is not possible in quantitative research. Even within qualitative research, the researcher is provided with a vast range of options and opportunities for exploring diverse issues within the area of organisational research. What are the different methods used to adopt qualitative research? The most commonly known and most used method of qualitative research is ethnography which had its origins in social anthropology, with particular reference to the study of the culture of social groups and societies. The culture of a social group is made up of these complex networks of meaning and the key task of ethnography is to develop an interpretation and understanding of culture. (Thorpe and Holt, 2008) Ethnography can be described as a longitudinal research method that is often associated with participant observation, but can also draw on other research approaches such as contextual and historic analysis of secondary data published by or on the group being studied. The ethnographic approach to developing an in-depth understanding of peoples behaviour makes it well suited to studying organisations. (Marshan-Piekkari and Welch, 2004) But It bends reality considerably to imply that ethnography is today the main method of qualitative research and that observational material is the main data source. This is hardly surprising given the plethora of materials that invite our attention. These extend beyond what we can observe with our own eyes to what we can hear and see on recordings, what we can read in paper documents and electronically download on the internet, to what we can derive by asking questions in interviews or by providing various stimuli to focus groups. (Silverman, 2007:37) Grounded theory research, discourse analysis, deconstruction, content analysis, narrative method, action research (Humphreys, 2006), participatory enquiry, participant observation (Denzin and Lincoln, 2000), autoethnography, interviewing are just a few of the current approaches to qualitative data collection and analysis. All these methods are appropriately used in different forms of organisational research. I will be looking at autoethnography, grounded theory research, critical discourse analysis and the narrative approach towards qualitative research and will study the use of these methods in conducting organisational research. Autoethnography Ethnographers have started undertaking the observation of participation where they reflect on and critically engage with their own participation within the ethnographic frame thus giving birth to autoethnography. (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005:467) Karra and Philips have defined autoethnography as, the generation of theoretically relevant descriptions of a group to which one belongs based on a structured analysis of ones experiences and the experiences of others from ones groupIt is an attempt to produce sense from ones experience of a group that can be set down in a text and shared with interested others. It does not mean that the researcher studies only himself or herself, but that the researcher is an insider who can draw upon personal experience, cultural competence, and linguistic resources to frame and shape research in a way that an outsider cannot. (Karra and Phillips, 2008:547) Autoethnography has been very efficiently used by Karra and Phillips, in their article about internatio nal management researchers conducting studies in their own cultural context. They say that, autoethnography provides a methodological frame for understanding and managing their research. Even more importantly, it acts to sensitize the researcher to the importance of carefully managing the complex dynamics of this form of cross-cultural research including questions of authorial voice, role conflict, and power. (Karra and Phillips, 2008:543) Autoethnographic approaches have four important strengths- ease of access, reduced resource requirements, ease of establishing trust and rapport, and reduced problems with translation- but at the same time pose three important challenges- lack of critical distance, role conflict, and the limits of serendipity. (Karra and Phillips, 2008:541) The strengths of this mode of research are considerable and despite all the criticisms this method of qualitative research has acquired it can be used very successfully in organisational research where the need is to draw upon personal experiences. One of the uses of autoethnography is to allow another persons world of experience to inspire critical reflection on your own. (Ellis and Bochner, 1996:22) Experience is given a lot of importance in organisations and autoethnography enables the researcher and the organisation to use this experience in a positive manner and in a way which can be very beneficial to the organisation and its employees. Grounded Theory Grounded theory, developed by Glaser and Strauss, is a kind of theory generated from the data collected. The methodology refers to a style of conducting qualitative data analysis whose aim is to discover what kinds of concepts and hypotheses are relevant to the area one wishes to understand. Grounded theory, therefore, provides new insights into the understanding of social processes emerging from the context in which they occur, without forcing and adjusting the data to previous theoretical frameworks. (Cassell and Symon, 2004:242) Grounded theory is a method that is more appropriate for some questions than others. It is most suited to efforts to understand the process by which actors construct meaning out of intersubjective experience. Grounded theory should be used in a way that is logically consistent with key assumptions about social reality and how the reality is known. It is less appropriate to use grounded theory when you seek to make knowledge claims about an objective realit y, and more appropriate to do so when you want to make knowledge claims about how individuals interpret reality. (Suddaby, 2006:634) While the grounded theory approach appeared at a time when methods discourse was decidedly modernist, forty years of development reflect he paradigmatic plurality of current qualitative research. (Thorpe and Holt, 2008) The application of grounded theory in organisational research has been gaining popularity in recent times. This is because organisational psychology has been marked by a trend of moving from an individualistic point of view towards a more collective view. Grounded theory has been applied in studies focusing on organisational culture, organisational growth, change and innovation, team work and company survival to name a few. Grounded theory produces descriptions of organisational reality which elicit positive discussions around important themes in the organisation among the employees and, thus, form a basis for positive organisational development trends. (Cassell and Symon, 2004) Critical Discourse Analysis According to Cunliffe, Discourse analysis is a term covering a number of approaches to research that analyze language use. These approaches range from a focus on language itself, to a broader examination of the relationship between language use, social action and social theory. (Thorpe and Holt, 2008:81) Discourse analysis provides a theoretical and methodological framework for exploring the social production of organizational and interorganizational phenomena. (Phillips, Sewell and Jaynes, 2008:1) As a methodology, critical discourse analysis allows for the use of different kinds of methods in specific research projects. However, this kind of research in particular demands the ability to make sense of the linkages between specific textual characteristics and particular discourses on the one hand, and between the discourses and the relevant socio-cultural practices and historical developments on the other. This means that research of this type generally tends to favour in-depth scrut iny of and reflection on specific texts. (Marschan-Piekkari and Welch, 2004) Discourse analysis has become an increasingly popular method for examining the linguistic elements in the construction of social phenomena. It has been increasingly adopted by organization and management scholars interested in the social construction of specific organizational ideas or practices. (Varra, Kleymann and Seristo, 2004:3) There are three important problems facing researchers wishing to adopt a critical discourse perspective in their work. First, like ethnography, discourse analysis results in quite lengthy analyses that are often a poor fit with the requirements of journal editors. Second, discourse analysis often involves major data-management issues because of the volume of data that is often available. Finally, as this is a fairly new are of activity, there are few standard models available to follow. Developing innovative data analysis techniques for each study thus remains a final challenge facing researchers. (Phillips, Sewell and Jaynes, 2008) Narrative Approach According to Oswick, Narratives are an inevitable and unavoidable aspect of social life and, as such, are integral to the processes of managing and organizing. (Thorpe and Holt, 2008:141) Although the narrative approach is one with many merits which are being acknowledged by researchers, it is still a field in the making and is not very commonly used. Researchers new to this field will find a rich but diffuse tradition, multiple methodologies in various stages of development, and plenty of opportunities for exploring new ideas, methods and questions. (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005:651) A recognition that discourse is the principle means by which organization members create a coherent social reality that frames their sense of who they are has led to an increased interest in narrative approaches in organization studies. A narrative approach explicitly recognizes that, in organizations, language is the primary medium of social control and power, and that the analysis of linguistic practices is key to an understanding of how existing social and power relations are reproduced or transformed. (Humphreys and Brown, 2007) In the article, An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility at Credit Line: A Narrative Approach by Humphreys and Brown (2008), the authors adopted a narrative approach to the analysis of organizational processes in a bank, Credit Line, in order to explore how individuals in a financial institution dealt with relatively novel issues of corporate social responsibility. The authors used narratives to successfully draw attention to the plurivocity of orga nisational life. Use of qualitative research methods to undertake organisational research in a public sector organisation Public sector organisations are those organisations which are managed by the government. The main aim of these organisations is not to make a profit but to provide a service to the people under the government. Some example of public sector organisations are airports, public hospitals, railway stations, government run schools and colleges. Governments nowadays are looking to privatize most of the public sector organisations in order to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. Thus most of the above given examples have now been partially or completely privatised in most countries. Public sector organisations are common grounds for research amongst qualitative researchers. This could be due to the fact that public sector organisations are more easily accessible than the private sector organisations. Many public sector organisations have also started coming up with their own research and development department which undertakes the organisational research. In my opinion participant observation and interviewing together make an ideal combination to undertake organisational research within a public sector organisation or for that matter any organisation. The shortcomings of participant observations are covered by interviewing and vice versa. Thus, the two methods complement each other perfectly. Participant Observation The methodology of participant observation is appropriate for studies of almost every aspect of human existence. Through participant observation, it is possible to describe what goes on, who or what is involved, when and where things happen, how they occur, and why at least from the standpoint of participants things happen as they do in particular situations. (Jorgensen, 1989) Participant observation is one of the most popular ways of conducting fieldwork in an organisation. This is because through observation of the participants going through their daily routine researchers pick up information which they might not have access to in a more formal setting, an example of which is interviews. Participant observation can be of two types. In the first, the identity of the researcher is known to all and the researcher has a choice of forming relationships with the participants or to stand back and eavesdrop. This form of participant observation is ethically correct but the researchers pe rsonal disposition and identity may influence the participants behaviour and this may have an effect on the research material gathered. The second type of participant observation is covert participant observation where the identity of the researcher is hidden. This form of participant observation raises many ethical questions and is just another form of deception. Thus, covert participant observation should be avoided. The researchers ability to build relationships and develop rapport with subjects is crucial in participant observation. The danger here is that the researcher may feel so embedded and sympathetic to the group being studied that interpreting events objectively becomes difficult. Another demerit of participant observation is the time-consuming and open-ended nature of this kind of research which means it often doesnt get done. In a cost-conscious research climate in which specific and often short-term, definitive objectives are required to secure funding, sustained part icipation is a risky strategy. (Thorpe and Holt, 2008) Interviews The qualitative interview can be seen as a conversation with a purpose, where the interviewers aim is to obtain knowledge about the respondents world. (Thorpe and Holt, 2008:118) The goal of any qualitative research interview is to see the research topic from the perspective of the interviewee and to understand how and why they came to have this particular perspective. (Cassell and Symon, 2004) Interviewing is the most popular method of conducting organisational research. The method has three important advantages. Firstly, interviewers allow the researcher to discover new relationships or situations not previously conceived. Secondly, interview based research may be optimal when there is a small population of possible respondents as interviewers offer an opportunity to acquire a richness of information from each respondent. Finally, interviews may allow researchers to develop a deeper rapport with informants which is necessary to gain honest and accurate responses and to add insights that lay the groundwork for larger or follow-up studies. (Marschan-Piekkari and Welch, 2004) But the interviewing method also suffers from three disadvantages. Firstly, developing an interview guide, carrying out interviews and analysing their transcripts, are all highly time-consuming activities for the researchers. Secondly, qualitative interviews are also tiring to carry out as they involve considerable concentration from the interviewer. Thus, no more than three interviews, each of the duration of one hour, should be carried out in a day. Finally, interviews are also time-consuming for the interviewees and this may cause problems in recruiting participants in some organizations and occupations. The latest trends in interviewing have come some distance from structured questions; we have reached the point of the interview as negotiated text. Researchers are not invisible neutral entities; they are a part of the interaction we seek to study. Interviewers are increasingly seen as active participants in an interaction with respondents, and interviewers are seen as negotiated accomplishments of both interviewers and respondents that are shaped by the contexts and situations in which they take place. (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005) Depending on the type of organisational research which the public sector organisation needs to carry out and its goals and aims, either participant observation or interviewing or a combination of both the methods can be used appropriately in acquiring the required research material. Conclusion Thus, I conclude by saying that qualitative research methods have formed a niche for themselves in organisational research. The importance of organisational research is growing day by day and qualitative research methods are now an important part of organisational research. Although many forms of qualitative research make the use of figures and numbers to support a point of discussion, thus incorporating a characteristic of quantitative research methods, they also provide an in depth analysis on the topic of research and use one or more of the methodologies of qualitative research which include participant observation, interviewing, autoethnography, use of secondary data, grounded theory, ethnography, discourse analysis, narratives and rhetorical analysis. In this essay I introduced qualitative research and outlined its increasing importance in organisational research. I followed this up by describing approaches to qualitative research specifically concentrating on autoethnography, grounded theory, critical discourse analysis and the narrative approach, and critically analysing their use in organisational research. Finally, I concentrated on public sector organisations and why I think that participant observation and interviews are the best methods of qualitative research to undertake organisational research in public sector organisations. In doing this I feel that I have justified the use of qualitative research in organisations. References Cassell, C. Symon, G. (2004) Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. London: Sage Creswell, J.W. (2009) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (Third Edition) Thousand Oaks: Sage Denzin, N.K. Lincoln, Y.S. (2000) Handbook of Qualitative Research (Second Edition). Thousand Oaks: Sage Denzin, N.K. Lincoln, Y.S. (2005) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research (Third Edition). Thousand Oaks: Sage Ellis, C. and Bochner, A.P. (1996) Composing Ethnography: Alternative Forms of Qualitative Writing. Walnut Creek: Altamira Humphreys, M. (2006) Teaching qualitative research methods: Im beginning to see the light. Qualitative Research in Organisations and Management: An International Journal Vol. 1(3) 173-188 Humphreys, M. and Brown A.D. (2008) An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility at Credit Line: A Narrative Approach. Journal of Business Ethics Vol. 80 403-418 Jorgensen, D.L. (1989) Participant Observation: A Methodology for Human Studies London: Sage Karra, N. Phillips, N. (2008) Researching Back Home: International Management Research as Autoethnography. Organizational Research Methods Vol. 11(3) 541-561 Marschan-Piekkari, R. and Welch, C. (2004) Handbook of Qualitative Research Methods for International Business. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Phillips, N., Sewell, G., and Jaynes S., (2008) Applying Critical Discourse Analysis in Strategic Management Research. Organizational Research Methods 1-30 Silverman, D (2007) A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about Qualitative Research. London: Sage Suddaby, R (2006) From the Editors: What Grounded Theory is Not. Academy of Management Journal Vol. 49(4) 633-642 Thorpe, R. Holt, R. (2008) The Sage Dictionary of Qualitative Management Research. London: Sage Varaa, E., Kleymann, B., Seristo, H. (2004) Strategies as discursive constructions: The case of the airline alliances. Journal of Management Studies Vol. 41(1) 1-35